The spread of COVID-19 is not only affecting tourism and hotels in the short term. If it continues to have long-term effects through changes in Megatrend, which has caused a change in tourism behavior. Tourism that meets more individual needs Changing the business model that emphasizes the adoption of modern technology including attention to health and hygiene The changing landscape of tourism has affected the demand patterns of tourists and the business models of hoteliers. Therefore, operators must accelerate adjustments to maintain income levels. including looking for new business opportunities related to tourism as well as creating connections with other sectors in the tourism value chain. whether the local community or even other businesses

in the future The decisive factor for the success of a hotel business comes not only from location, rooms, prices, and amenities. If it still comes from cooperation with other communities and businesses. related ability to adapt and risk management. Therefore, operators should accelerate their business strategy adjustments before international travel returns to normal in order to restore the tourism and hotel business to grow as strong as ever. It also creates sustainability for the Thai tourism industry in the long run.

Thailand’s fast-growing tourism and hotel businesses that generate large amounts of income each year in the country face an unprecedented crisis from the COVID-19 outbreak. and tends to last a long time This paper analyzes the direction of tourism sector recovery in the changing social and economic context. as well as propose guidelines for the adjustment of the hotel business during the transition as well as analyze the landscape of future tourism after the epidemic crisis. To help tourism and hotel operators adapt to the changing context.

The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on hotel business is severe and likely to last a long time.

The COVID-19 outbreak has prompted governments in many countries around the world to impose lockdown measures to curb international travel (Figure 1), causing the number of global tourist arrivals to shrink to a record . In 2020, the number of global tourist arrivals dropped 72% YoY, especially in the Asia-Pacific region (-82% YoY). Currently, the global epidemic situation is still in a critical condition. Many countries, including Thailand, face a new wave of outbreaks. As a result, the number of new patients continues to increase.

The impact of the epidemic is severe and likely to last a long time due to (1) vaccine development. This includes the effectiveness of infection prevention. production and distribution There is still uncertainty (2) even though the vaccine has already begun to produce and distribute the vaccine in many countries. But the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that herd immunity requires injections to cover 65-70% of the population. This takes a huge amount of time and budget, and (3) tourist confidence will not recover as quickly as the crisis in the past, the University of California estimates after the epidemic is over. People’s concerns about the epidemic will persist for at least three to six months. In addition, sharp declines in income and purchasing power mean that demand for travel, which is considered a luxury, will take time to recover.

Thailand’s tourism sector has deteriorated heavily. The promulgation of the Royal Decree on Emergency (25 March 2020) and measures to temporarily prohibit aircraft from flying into Thailand (3 April 2020 – 30 September 2020) make it impossible during April – September 2020. However, since October 2020, a limited number of foreign tourists have been able to return in accordance with the Special Tourist Visa (STV) measures under strict restrictions such as 14-day quarantine, pre/post-travel health checks. life insurance As a result, in the first 11 months of 2020, the number of foreign tourists contracted 81.4% YoY, led by Chinese (-87.7% YoY) and India (-85.5% YoY). Around 1.5 trillion baht in foreign tourists in 2020, from 1.9 trillion baht in 2019.

Thailand’s hotel business has been hit with unprecedented severity. The national average occupancy rate for the first 11 months was 29.3%, compared with 69.7% in the same period last year, while the nationwide median income per room contracted 73.6%.

Operators are accelerating adjustments to be able to continue their business, such as reducing room prices. Modify the service model Focusing on the domestic tourism market, reducing expenses and earning income from related businesses, etc. Many hotels offer Work From Hotel services instead of Work From Home, including collaborating with an application to order food online from restaurants in hotels. In addition, many hotels (some cooperate with medical institutions/hospitals) serve as detention centers in Bangkok and its vicinity (Alternative State Quarantine (ASQ) and 9 provinces (Alternative Local). State Quarantine: ALSQ) including Phuket, Surat Thani (Koh Samui), Chonburi (Pattaya), Prachinburi, Buriram, Mukdahan, Chiang Mai, Phang Nga and Chiang Rai (as of January 8, 2021) to accommodate foreign customers who enter Thailand and are subject to government quarantine policies. At the same time, many small and medium-sized hotels have to close.

Megatrend influence on tourism will change.

over the years The tourism industry is influenced by global megatrends, including social, economic, political, environmental and technological changes. Tourism has changed from the original before the epidemic The tourism and hotel business was driven by Megatrend, namely the expansion of the middle class. Finding new attractions adoption of modern technology and health-conscious tourism. However, COVID-19 has affected such factors. Some things were accelerated. something was slowed down Krungsri Research has therefore analyzed the factors affecting the hotel business in the future, mainly in 4 areas: (1) Demographic and social change (2) Tourism adjustments to meet individual needs (Individualization), (3) the adoption of technology to change the business model and automatic control systems (Digital transformation and automation), and (4) health and hygiene comes first (Health and hygiene).

I. Demographic and social change

Over the years, demographic and social megatrends have often spoken of the expansion of the growing middle class, particularly in emerging economies. This will drive the demand for tourism in the future. However , the COVID-19 epidemic has severely affected the middle class with rising unemployment and falling incomes (Source World Bank). Looking at the driving force of tourism demand has changed completely. Originally, it was viewed from a “Broad-based approach” to a “Targeted approach” depending on the needs and behaviors of tourists in each generation (Generation) as follows:

Gen Y and Gen Z are modern groups. Therefore, technology is used to create convenience in tourism. Loves adventure travel and has the purpose of exploring experiences. They often travel alone, in pairs, or in small groups. Despite some fear of the epidemic, they are ready to set off again. However, these tourists have limited budgets and short rest days.

The Gen X group focuses on travel that creates a memorable experience. family travel sports tourism or business trip After the COVID-19 outbreak, Gen X groups will be more cautious in their spending due to the economic impact. In addition, Gen X groups are more likely to have families and have to take care of the elderly. Therefore, they are more concerned about travel than Gen Z and Gen Y. Travel spending is less budgetary. Often travel during long weekends and not very long distances

Baby-boomers and silver hair before the COVID-19 pandemic, the group is speculated to have potential in tourism spending. Due to high purchasing power and no restrictions on travel time but after the epidemic They are especially worried about traveling. This is because empirical data suggest that older adults are more likely to experience severe infectious side effects compared to other populations. This can lead to serious and life-threatening illnesses. Hotel operators therefore need to come up with strategies that will help build their confidence. especially in terms of cleanliness

II. Adjusting tourism to meet individual needs (Individualization)

In the past, the tourism sector has always focused on creating new destinations (Emerging destinations)[1] to attract tourists of all age groups, but the COVID-19 crisis has caused the demand and behavior of tourists to vary in different periods. age Moreover, building new tourist attractions often takes a lot of resources. Both human resources, time and budget may not be suitable for the post-crisis economy. Therefore , entrepreneurs should focus on analyzing the needs of different and diverse tourists. to offer services that meet individual needs whether it is a travel plan activities of interest and appropriate budget It takes advantage of advances in technology that make data storage and processing processes more efficient and more tailored to the needs of each traveler.such as public relations and marketing to target tourists according to age groups focusing on attracting tourists who take advantage of the government’s tourism stimulus measures, etc.

III. Applying technology to change the business model and automation control system (Digital transformation and automation)

In the past, technology has played an important role in life. from communication, learning, thinking, and even consumer behavior As a result, entrepreneurs use technology to operate their business, such as online booking and payment systems. It is also used as a marketing support tool. Starting from communication to inspire wanting to use the service. Use it as a handy tool while staying in a hotel or accommodation. as well as having an evaluation system after using the service even to build on the re-use of the service under the new normal (New normal) after the COVID-19 crisis (such as keeping distance, Direct exposure reduction) Tourism and hotel businesses are exponentially more likely to adopt technology. To build confidence among tourists and maintain their competitivenessIn addition, modern technology has also helped to enhance the tourism value chain, which is complex because it is an economic sector linked to many business groups such as hotels, tour operators, transportation, food businesses, retail, raw material suppliers. local business operators, etc., allowing operators in the chain to be connected through various platforms, including developing businesses to meet the needs of different and diverse tourists.

Examples of the use of technology to change the hotel business model are as follows:

The use of robots and artificial intelligence (Robotics and Artificial Intelligence) , such as robots in the reception. Robot check-in Robots provide tourist information that can automatically process language translations. Luggage delivery robots and room service Robots cleaning germs by UV systems, security robots, etc., while artificial intelligence innovations can communicate with humans like real humans. They can also perform complex tasks quickly. accurate and effective

Using electronic devices connected to the Internet to be able to control devices in the room (Internet of Things (IoT)) is a convenience for guests and responds to the behavior of reducing direct contact. It is also creating new travel experiences, such as smart hotel rooms where guests can control the electrical devices in the room from a single point. Connecting to a control system from a mobile device or using sound to control electrical devices such as adjusting brightness, temperature, turning the TV on and off, speakers, etc.

The use of data analytics is the systematic analysis of big data to help operators deliver services and products that meet the needs of individual travelers, for example, tailored travel packages. with the right timing and channel It includes analyzing historical data to forecast demand growth. seasonal trends and the preferences of tourists as well as analyzing fundamental social media data to see market trends and traveler interests.

IV. Health and hygiene comes first (Health and hygiene)

In the future, tourism and hotel businesses will pay more attention to safety, health and sanitation. in the past few years People turn to health care This can be seen in the trend of health tourism and sports such as cycling and marathon running, as well as the popularity of exercise. After the COVID-19 outbreak, tourists will pay more attention to destination health policies and the health of tourist attractions. As outdoor activities become more popular (To avoid entering crowded, congested or closed areas), entrepreneurs should cooperate with the surrounding communities. To develop the locality to be safe, clean, free from the risk of disease.

4B The direction of tourism and hotel business in Thailand

Due to the COVID-19 situation that is still spreading around the world Krungsri Research has therefore analyzed the possible trends of the recovery of the Thai tourism sector and the adaptation of the hotel business. Travel mobility and Fears were the main factors in the analysis . From Figure 8, the horizontal axis is the dimension of travel mobility. with the left side being “Travel liberalization” and the right side is “closing borders” or limiting the number of tourists entering the country. The vertical axis is the dimension of epidemic concerns, with tourists at the top feeling “fear” of travel and at the bottom feeling “enjoying” the trip. Thus, the recovery period of tourism business can be divided into 4 periods as follows:

Part 1: Travel to Thailand… Start again (Begin over)

The first period is when people still have concerns about communicable diseases causing some groups of tourists to fear travel. while international travel is still limited People in the country strictly adhere to physical distancing measures, so travel patterns during this period are short trips. It doesn’t take long to travel prefer to use a private car to travel and focus on tourist attractions that are not crowded

Research considers During this period it is important to focus on hygiene safety standards and issuing measures to stimulate tourism in the country for all age groups. especially to support tourism of Gen Z and Gen Y groups who have less fear of disease. At the same time, hoteliers are still able to implement strict social distancing measures to accommodate the higher purchasing power of Gen X and baby boomers.

Most domestic tourists are ready to come back to travel again. by focusing on nearby attractions The Tourism Council of Thailand surveyed Thai people’s opinions on tourism plans in the 3rd quarter of 2020 and their expectations about the COVID-19 pandemic with 400 Thai tourists across the country . country Between 10-25 May 2020, select a specific sample group. Only for people with income of 10,000 baht or more, it was found that 64% of Thais had plans to travel to other provinces. Of these, 35% want to travel to nearby provinces and stay overnight, 27% travel across regions and 25% travel to nearby provinces but do not stay overnight. for an overnight period Most had plans to stay between 1-3 days (76%), followed by 4-6 days (15%) and more than 7 days (5%). Travelers preferred to stay at hotels the most (41%), followed by travelers. namely resorts (29%) and their own houses / relatives’ houses (25%).Although the results of such surveys have been conducted a long time ago. But it can reflect an interesting point of view, namely, during the worst epidemic situation in the country, the lockdown measures were the strictest (during the 2nd quarter of 2020) and the feeling of fear was the most. But most Thai people still have confidence and plan to travel soon. from such trends Therefore, it is expected that a new wave of the epidemic will temporarily affect tourism in the country and should recover in the second quarter of 21.

Adjustment of the hotel business in the first phase:

Build confidence in sanitation standards (Amazing Thailand Safety & Health Administration: SHA) to enhance the safety of tourists. to create an image of a clean and disease-free tourism area

Use pricing campaigns to attract Gen Z, Gen Y and ท่องเที่ยว (this site) Gen X tourists and attract 4-5 nights longer stays to increase revenue.

Reshape services to reduce physical exposure, such as online check-in. Using cashless secure technology is optional.

Cooperate with the community to make plans to restore tourist attractions and natural resources. Create a tourism project with innovative methods [2] along with a tourist attraction booking system to determine the number of tourists who visit each day not to be too crowded.

Part 2: Thailand travels to Thailand… Fun in every province (Boost fun)

During this period, international borders were also closed to contain the spread. But domestic tourists began to relieve their concerns. This makes tourism activities diverse and can cover all groups of people. Traveling in the country will be longer. And the mode of travel covers planes, boats and private cars.

Research views that the tourism and hotel industries should focus on raising the number of domestic tourists back to the same level as before the COVID-19 outbreak. especially baby-boomers and silver hair tourists due to their high purchasing power They have more time to travel than other age groups. Dusit Thani College has analyzed the travel needs of the elderly and found that most of them travel for leisure. often travel with family like cultural tourism health tourism and slow life tourism, making travelling for the elderly take a long time due to emphasis on value, quality and safety

The development of creative tourism (Creative tourism) will be possible.which is an extension of cultural tourism by focusing on creating experiences participatory learning with cultural arts Give tourists the opportunity to experience Communicate with communities and lifestyles that are unique to the area. Two examples of the success of creative tourism in the country are (1) Ban Rai Kong Khing, Chiang Mai Province, offering standardized homestay and home lodge accommodation. Organic products are made Community famous food tasting activity and a flower khan flower dance show to bless tourists and (2) Ban Phra Pim Laksamansilp, province. Sukhothai presents creative activities in arts/crafts and folk dances. Activities of “Celadon” pottery, amulet printing and weaving. Each province in Thailand has different cultural attractions and distinctive local identity. Therefore, participation from all sectors should be created in order to develop a comprehensive creative tourism throughout the value chain. This will help attract more tourists in the country.

Adjustment of the hotel business in Phase 2:

Increased confidence among domestic tourists – especially the silver hair group, who are more concerned with hygiene than others

Take advantage of technology by bringing data to study and analyze to meet the needs of each group of tourists.

Hotel operators should cooperate with local communities to promote the development of tourist attractions such as temples, restaurants, etc. so that every province has a strong selling point.

Cost cuts are still needed. because foreign tourists have not returned

Part 3: Matchmaking… Loan for Thai tourism (Bubble tourism)

This is the period when some international travel borders are opened. But people and communities still fear the epidemic. Tourism is therefore in the form of bubble tourism, which is the agreement of the state to travel between paired countries without quarantine. Thailand may choose to enter into agreements with countries that have good control over the spread of the disease. And tourists are fond of traveling to Thailand such as China, Singapore, Vietnam and Australia (Figure 12). which may cooperate with insurance companies or has a clear disease prevention policy

Foreign tourists have more confidence to travel abroad. but also cautious A study by the Tourism Council of Thailand surveying 200 foreign tourists between May 1-20, 2020, found that 52% of respondents planned to travel abroad after the COVID-19 crisis. And 31% of tourists plan to travel abroad once the vaccine is available (Figure 13). Meanwhile, research by figgy.com and Ctrip (the world’s 1st largest online travel management website and 2nd largest online travel agency) found. that Thailand is the first country that Chinese tourists think of after the COVID-19 crisis, followed by Japan and Singapore (as of May 2020).

Research estimates that international tourism matching may occur in 2021. In the early stages, it may start to be opened individually for easy disease control and screening, such as provinces that rely mainly on foreign tourists such as Phuket, Surat Thani (Koh Samui), etc. Although in the beginning, tourism pairings were still unable to attract as many tourists back to Thailand as they should. But it should increase readiness to accept foreign tourists in the next period.

Hotel business adjustment in phase 3:

Build confidence in cleanliness, safety and epidemic control guidelines. Thailand has been praised by the World Health Organization for managing the COVID-19 situation very well in the past. And many hotels across the country have received the SHA logo, which is the traveler’s hygiene safety standard.

Create a cluster or pilot province as a model for receiving foreign tourists. This should be an area that relies mainly on foreign tourists. and a closed area (such as Phuket, Koh Samui) for ease of disease control

Part 4: Save… Enjoy Thailand (Build-Back-Better)

This is when tourism is back to normal again. The borders of international travel have been opened freely. And people come back to enjoy their travels.Tourists are now as comfortable traveling as before COVID-19 due to widespread use of vaccines. Traveling by plane returns to normal. The number of tourists and related activities resumed as before. whether it is a business trip international conference including the exhibition Although the timing of recovery into this period is uncertain. But if the development in the 3rd period has gone well In addition, most countries have become more confident and gradually allow more tourists to travel in and out of the country. These will be a sign of entering a period of rejuvenation. Therefore, Thai tourism and hotel businesses need to develop competitiveness. by accelerating strengths and repairing weaknesses (see Box 1) in order to prepare for the The future of tourism, which has at least five characteristics:

Box 1: The potential of Thai tourism in the future​

Thailand is a highly competitive country in tourism. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum (WEF) rated Thailand’s tourism proficiency in 2019 at 31 (out of 139 countries around the world), well adjusted. Up from 34th place in 2017, Thailand’s strengths lie in its outstanding natural resources. Infrastructure for tourist services and prices, but has weaknesses in safety, health and the environment (Figure 14).

Research analyzed by using the gravity model to study the preferences of tourists from 48 countries. It was found that Thailand is an important destination for tourists in many countries. It was ranked among the top 10 destinations in almost every country studied (Figure 15) by Indian tourists. Russia and Cambodia view Thailand as the second-most tourist destination, while China and Malaysia view Thailand as the eighth destination, demonstrating an opportunity to welcome international tourists if the COVID-19 crisis resolves

. Cultural, environmental, and price are the three key factors in travel decisions. while transportation infrastructure is the least influential.

When considering only the top 20 countries with the most tourists coming to Thailand, it was found that Cultural and natural attractions, prices and safety It is the top three factors when deciding to travel. With tourists from China, safety is the first priority. followed by the readiness of ICT and cultural attractions While tourists from Malaysia, India, Russia, the United States and the United Kingdom pay more attention to the price factor.

Thailand is likely to face more intense competition in tourism. because different countries It is accelerating investment in infrastructure to stimulate the economy. including supporting the growth of the tourism industry Especially countries that have begun to open for entry and exit and are new markets in the tourism arena, such as Vietnam, which have advantages in tourism resources that are still new and still exist. In addition, the topography and climate are similar to Thailand. There is also a plan to expand the transportation network throughout the country. meanwhile Some countries receive financial support from foreign investors. (Especially China), which has contributed to investment in infrastructure projects. concrete faster

The density of tourist attractions is the main problem of Thai tourism going forward. Concentration of tourists has long been a major problem for Thai tourism. especially during the festival which has a long continuous holiday Many major tourist attractions are packed with both Thai and foreign tourists. This was partly due to accelerating public relations for new attractions. but lack of development of such places to accommodate future tourists coupled with a lack of proper management Therefore causing congestion of tourists, especially in major tourist cities such as Pattaya, Phuket, Hua Hin, Chiang Mai, the attractiveness of attracting tourists of such tourist attractions has decreased. which has contributed to foreign tourists starting to look for new attractions similar to Thai especially in ASEAN countries such as Vietnam, Myanmar and the Philippines.

Inter-regional travel tends to decline. while tourism in the same region and in the country will increase from the uncertainty of the global economic direction and concerns about the epidemic causing tourists to become interested in traveling in their own country and traveling in the same region instead of traveling long distances in different regions partly to save costs. In addition, many countries tend to support domestic tourism in order to increase income to compensate for the uncertainty of the foreign tourist market. This is in line with the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) report that the number of international tourists around the world is likely to slow down in the coming period. especially from intercontinental tourism

environmental issues Cultural tourist attractions and ICT readiness are becoming increasingly important. This includes infrastructure for tourist services. land transport and health factors Meanwhile, air transport and its expenditures had a decreasing effect on travel decision making (Figure 16).

The changing demand for tourism has reduced the competitiveness of the Thai tourism industry. looking forward Factors that used to be prominent in Thailand, such as tourism personnel Air transport and prices have decreased in importance. Meanwhile, environmental issues, which are Thailand’s weak points, are becoming increasingly important. In addition, many countries have accelerated investment in infrastructure for tourist services. Develop more tourist attractions and open up more countries especially in nearby countries There are new tourist attractions that are cheaper, making Thailand’s tourism advantages tend to decrease in the future.

Even at present, Thailand’s competitiveness in the world tourism market is good. But the capacity gap between Thailand and countries in the region tends to decrease. Makes the view of Thailand’s tourism towards other countries may change from the original competition to more cooperation Thailand may have to change its role from the former accepting foreign tourists. to be received and distributed to other countries in the region, which not only reduce the price competition between but also to increase competitiveness and diversify tourism Factors affecting cooperation include visa policy, interconnected transport infrastructure such as the Bangkok-Phnom Penh-Ho Chi Minh route, Phuket-Phang-nga-Ranong-Myanmar Sea. or the Hat Yai-Kuala Lumpur-Singapore train, etc.

Box 2: Technology that will play a role in tourism in a new way

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Virtual reality technologies include Augmented reality and Virtual reality, which combine simulated objects or places with the real world. through the perception of sight, touch, sound or even smell The virtual world technology can play a role in the tourism industry, such as choosing a place. Enter an educational museum or even act as a tour guide. An obvious example is using Google street view to view places. or used for navigation

data analysis It will enhance the ability of entrepreneurs in the business to better respond to customers. Today, there is a huge amount of emerging data, especially information about tourists, travel and location, which will help operators analyze tourist needs and be able to respond more appropriately and specifically. The ability to access and analyze data will be the key differentiator between Brands.

Adjust hotel business strategies to cope with the changing tourism landscape.

Research views that tourism business will remain sluggish in the next few years before gradually recovering along with the emergence of a new normal of tourism. of tourists who have changed Therefore, tourism and hotel operators should expedite adjustments in order to sustainably operate their business, such as liquidity management. to meet the needs of tourists to the right Risk Management including finding new opportunities in tourism-related businesses The details are as follows.

travel Refers to travel for recreation or for fun, excitement or knowledge. The United Nations Tourism Organization ( English : World Tourism Organization ) defines that tourism means traveling. by a distance of more than 40 kilometers from the house for recreational purposes Tourism in Thailand has developed since 1924 during the reign of King Boromwongse Krom Phra Kamphaeng Phet Akarayothin. when he was a railway commander which at that time, tourism in Thailand It is also a tourism to see the nature and government. or important places that foreigners who come to Thailand create But about 10 years ago, the World Tourism Organization (www.unwto.org) has defined 3 main forms of tourism as follows:

1) Natural based tourism

2) Cultural based tourism

3) Special interest tourism

1. Natural based tourism consists of

1.1 Ecotourism means tourism in natural sites that are unique to local and cultural sites related to ecosystems. There is a collaborative learning process among those involved in environmental management and local participation tourism to focus on creating awareness of sustainable ecosystem preservation.

1.2 Marine ecotourism means tourism. Responsible for endemic marine natural resources and tourist attractions related to marine ecosystems There is a collaborative learning process of stakeholders under local environmental management and participatory tourism. To aim to create awareness of sustainable ecosystem preservation

1.3 Geological tourism (Geo-tourism) refers to tourism in natural resources that are rock cliffs, sandstone terraces, cave tunnels, Nam Lod caves, stalactites and stalagmites. To see the beauty of the landscape with the strange changes of the world space Study the nature of rocks, soils, minerals and fossils, gain new knowledge and experience. on the basis of responsible tourism Have a conscience to protect the environment where local people are involved in tourism management

1.4 Agro tourism means traveling to agricultural areas, agricultural plantations, agroforestry, herb gardens, livestock farms and animal husbandry to appreciate the beauty. Success and enjoyment in the farm Gain knowledge and experience new experiences based on responsibility Have a conscience to preserve the environment of that place

1.5 Astronomical tourism Astrological tourism means traveling to see the astronomical phenomena that occur in each agenda such as the solar eclipse, meteor shower, lunar eclipse and viewing the zodiac stars that appear in the sky each month. for learning the solar system have knowledge of impression Increased memories and experiences On the basis of responsible tourism with awareness of preserving the local environment and culture. where local people participate in sustainable co-management

2. Cultural based tourism consists of

2.1 Historical tourism means traveling to archaeological sites. and history To appreciate and enjoy the sights, gain knowledge and understanding of history and archeology. Local basis of responsibility and awareness of preserving cultural heritage and values. of the environment by which the local people Contribute to tourism management

2.2 Cultural and traditional tourism means tourism. to see various traditions that the local villagers have organized to enjoy and marvel at the aesthetic arts to study beliefs respect respect for ceremonies and understanding of social and cultural conditions have new experiences Increased on the basis of responsibility and awareness of environmental preservation and cultural heritage. where local people are involved in tourism management

2.3 Rural tourism / village tourism means traveling in the village. rural life style and creative works with special uniqueness, outstanding for the enjoyment of knowledge, see the creations and folk wisdom have an understanding of local culture On the basis of responsibility and awareness of preserving cultural heritage and values ​​of the environment. where local people are involved in tourism management

3. Special interest tourism consists of

3.1 Health tourism refers to tourism in natural and cultural resources for relaxation and learning how to maintain physical and mental health and enjoy. and aesthetics Knowledge of preserving values and good quality of life Concerned about preserving the environment and local culture by engaging local people in sustainable tourism management. In addition, some of this health tourism may be formatted as health beauty and spa tourism.

3.2 Educational and religious tourism Edu-meditation tourism means traveling for excursions, exchanging knowledge from religious philosophies, seeking knowledge, the truth of life, and practicing meditation to gain new experiences and knowledge. Increased value and good quality of life, conscious of preserving the environment and local culture Local people participate in sustainable tourism management. In addition, some tourists focus on learning Thai culture and wisdom, such as Thai cooking, Thai massage, Thai dancing, Thai boxing, crafts and Thai arts and crafts. including steering elephants and mahouts, etc.

3.3 Ethnic tourism means traveling to learn about the way of life and culture of the villagers. Culture of ethnic minorities or tribes such as the Thai Song village Phu Thai Village Kui village Karen village Chinese villages, etc., in order to gain new experiences and knowledge, increase the value and good quality of life, and be conscious of the preservation of the local environment and culture. where local people are involved in sustainable tourism management

3.4 Sports tourism means traveling to play sports according to their aptitude and interest in sports such as golf, diving, fishing, snooker, surfboard, water skiing, etc., in order to gain enjoyment, /xn--72c5ab8bza6azdwe3cf.cc fun and excitement. Gain more experience and new knowledge. Increased value and good quality of life Conscious about preserving the environment and local culture where local people are involved in sustainable tourism management

3.5 Adventure travel means traveling to natural attractions with special characteristics. that tourists who travel to have fun, excitement, horror, adventure, memories, safety and new experiences

3.6 Home stay & farm stay means a group of tourists who wish to live close to their local families visiting to learn local wisdom and local culture. gain more life experience with awareness of preserving the environment and local culture It is a sustainable tourism management of the local community.

3.7 Long stay means a group of end-users after retirement from work who wish to live abroad mainly. To add to the fifth factor of life is travel by traveling abroad on average 3-4 times a year, at least 1 month at a time

3.8 Incentive travel means the organization of tours for a group of customers of a successful company. (Excellence) in selling that product. according to the target or beyond the target, such as a group of car dealership representatives Representative of the electrical distribution company Representative of the cosmetic company from different regions or provinces that can sell that kind of product as much as the local distributors are aiming for rewarding and organizing tours. by paying travel expenses Accommodation and meals during the trip for traveling companions It is a list of camping trips from 2-7 days. It is a tour guide to various places It might be a blended tour program. or a tour program in one form or another

3.9 Tourism for meetings (MICE means M=meeting/I=incentive/C=conference/E=exhibition) is a tour arrangement for a group of customers of the meeting organizers. There is a pre-meeting tour program (pre-tour) and a post-tour tour program by organizing travel programs in various formats throughout the country to serve the attendees directly. or for those traveling with the meeting (Husband or wife) may be a day trip program. or a 2 – 4 day overnight stay program with a flat rate that includes food and travel services

3.10 Combined tourism is another form of tourism managers Travel selects the types of tourism that have been mentioned above. bring to organize a travel itinerary In order for tourists to get the difference between a long trip lasting from 2-7 days or more, such as eco-agro tourism, agro- and historical tourism (agro-historical tourism) eco-tourism and adventure (eco-adventure travel), geo-historical tourism, agricultural and cultural tourism. (agro-cultural tourism), etc.

In addition, at present Tourism has taken into account the needs or behavior of additional tourists, resulting in a new conceptual tourism model, such as Green tourism, where tourists want to conserve nature or help reduce global warming, such as tourism in Koh Samui or War tourism where tourists Want to experience the past during the war, such as touring the Bridge on the River Kwai Kanchanaburi or Volunteer tourism where tourists are volunteers to help perform service activities. in places and continue to travel, such as having volunteers to help work on the Tsunami in Thailand, etc.

In summary, tourism in Thailand There are various depending on the behavior of the tourists themselves. and depends on changes in the social and cultural structure. The effect of tourism will be positive or negative. Depends on how tourists behave

As of late November, fully immunized travelers who’ve stayed at least 21 days within one of the 53 approved low-riskrisk countries and territories — including the United States, Canada, Britain, Australia, India, and Switzerland — can avoid the long awaited hotel quarantine for the fist time in over eighteen months. This is good news, especially considering the recent outbreak of travelers’ diarrhea, or dysentery, which has killed several people in recent weeks. But why is travel to America so risky? And why is travel to Asia so much safer?

Travel to America is no longer considered a risk-free travel proposition. Whether it’s a business trip, a vacation or a reunion with friends, travel to America requires careful planning and protection. First and foremost, travel to America require protection from the elements. Virtually all of North America – from Alaska to Mexico to Texas – is susceptible to cold, heat, drought, ท่องเที่ยว snow, and rainfall. Traveling during these conditions requires preparations to protect against the perils these weather conditions pose to travelers.

The only exception to this general rule is to travel to Hawaii, which is protected due to an official policy called H Visa, or “Himalayan Immigration Visa.” Those travelers traveling to other areas of the Americas need a visa to travel to Hawaii, but they are otherwise safe. A traveler to any other area of North America should be conscientious about his or her vaccinations prior to departure. For example, a traveler lacking a Hepatitis A vaccination upon arrival in Canada would likely be denied entry to the U.S. and could face a possible fine or imprisonment.

Like many other Asian nations, Singapore takes special precautions to protect its travelers. A recent travel article in the South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported on the mandatory vaccination of children entering the country. A similar article in the Bangkok Post (BTK) mentioned the fact that a significant percentage of travelers to Singapore require Hepatitis A vaccination upon arrival. This article goes into more detail on the requirement for Hepatitis A vaccination for travelers to Singapore.

\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27 : Pattaya Heal by patcha - IssuuA travel article in the Thailand Times (THT) reported on an incident last month in Bangkok involving a Chinese national who was attempting to enter Thailand via the rail track. According to the article, a border police officer was called by the train operator and approached the man. The man produced no proof of immunization upon arrival, did not announce his Hepatitis A status nor did he carry proof of vaccination for Thailand. The officer arrested the man for trespassing and fined him $500. This case is just one example of the hazards many travelers face when attempting to enter the country via train.

Travel to Asia requires travelers to have a passport and some form of immunization. The travel advisories published by the World Health Organization (WHO) advises travelers to obtain Hepatitis A vaccinations on arrival and to consult a doctor for further testing if the symptoms occur. WHO also publishes travel precautions for pregnant women and children, which advise them to seek immediate medical attention if they become sick or have complications from travel to Asia. Some countries in Asia, such as Thailand, have special child-care facilities to care for babies diagnosed with Hepatitis A. However, this disease spreads easily among adults and therefore any American traveling to Asia should consider Hepatitis A vaccination and other Hepatitis A activities.

An embassy in Thailand offering travel to Asia has recently removed mention of Hepatitis A from its travel advisory webpage, citing a lack of evidence of the disease. The Bangkok Times reports that the embassy only removed the language referring to Hepatitis A once all other references were removed. On its travel advisory page, the embassy wrote: ” Embassy Thailand plans to remove the reference of Hepatitis A from our travel advisory due to insufficient evidence regarding the disease. Thailand is currently the name of the country of origin of Hepatitis A.” Embassy Thailand did not respond to repeated requests for comment.

Travelers infected with Hepatitis A can still travel to other parts of the world, but they must first return to their home country and receive a Hepatitis A vaccination. For travelers outside of Asia, it is important to remember that Hepatitis A vaccine recipients are not permitted to travel to certain regions of Asia. Instead, they must have access to healthcare professionals in those regions, such as health clinics and hospitals, to receive care. Anyone not properly trained in Hepatitis A infection cannot be expected to effectively treat patients with this disease.

The term “travel” is a general term referring to the movement of humans from one location to another. It can be one-way or round trip and may include short stays between successive movements. The process of travel is commonly known as tourism. There are many different ways to travel and many different reasons people choose to do it. Read on for some tips and tricks for traveling abroad. Listed below are some important steps to stay healthy during your trip.

Before traveling, check your vaccination status and be aware of any potential risks. Travelers need to be tested for COVID-19 if they plan to travel to areas with high levels of infection. It is important to know your health status and the risks associated with a particular destination. Rules for traveling to the U.S. vary depending on the country from which you are traveling and the origin of your trip. Make sure to follow any government and airline travel advisories before you leave.

If you are traveling internationally, it’s important to be aware of the possible risks of COVID-19 infection. Before traveling to any new destination, it’s important to be tested for the disease to determine whether it can cause serious health problems. There are specific guidelines to follow for travelers from countries with high transmission rates. For example, if you’re planning to visit a country that has high COVID-19 rates, you should be aware of this risk.

Before traveling to the U.S., you should know what your travel itinerary requires. You will need to register at the airport 72 hours before departure. It’s crucial to have a negative P.C.R. test. You’ll need to have this test performed within five days of arrival. If you’re traveling without these documents, you’ll need to undergo a Covid test at the airport. You will be quarantined for 14 days if you have a positive result. If you’re a child, you don’t need to worry about this – but if you are a non-national, you will need health insurance.

While Thailand doesn’t currently have a state of emergency, it’s still a good idea to consider vaccination before traveling. There are also several precautionary measures that you can take to prevent any possible illnesses before you get to Thailand. The CDC recommends that you wear a mask if you’re planning to do outdoor activities. Additionally, take a photo of your passport. Despite all of these precautions, it’s still a good idea not to travel to the country unprepared.

Vaccination is necessary even if you’re going to Thailand because of the risk of contracting COVID-19. This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes that bite humans. You can protect yourself against the disease by getting vaccinated in advance. You can visit the CDC website to see a full list of vaccines. Having the correct vaccination is essential for your health. There are many places in the world that have this virus and it is difficult to prevent all cases from occurring.

It’s important to know the risks of traveling to Thailand. There are many different countries that have strict laws that prohibit traveling to certain countries. The best place to travel is the one where you feel safe. There are some common safety precautions you can take, but they aren’t mandatory. However, you should be prepared for any situation that may arise. The health of travelers in Thailand should be the top priority. If you’re ill, it’s best to consult a physician to ensure your safety.

Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia are safe for travelers who are fully vaccinated. During the outbreak, these countries were closed to international visitors for a month. But now, Singapore is reopening its borders to international visitors on July 1. There are no more quarantine restrictions for these countries, which is great news for ท่องเที่ยว travelers who wish to visit Southeast Asia. So, make sure you’re fully protected when traveling to these countries. If you don’t have the required vaccines, don’t worry. Vaccination is essential.

When traveling to Southeast Asia, you need to be fully vaccinated. In some cases, the countries have no vaccination requirements, but it’s best to be fully vaccinated when you visit. In addition, you need to avoid visiting countries that have high levels of covid. In some countries, it’s a good idea to be vaccinated before you travel. A country is also a great place for travelers who are traveling with children.

The term “travel” is a general term referring to the movement of humans from one location to another. It can be one-way or round trip and may include short stays between successive movements. The process of travel is commonly known as tourism. There are many different ways to travel and many different reasons people choose to do it. Read on for some tips and tricks for traveling abroad. Listed below are some important steps to stay healthy during your trip.

Before traveling, check your vaccination status and be aware of any potential risks. Travelers need to be tested for COVID-19 if they plan to travel to areas with high levels of infection. It is important to know your health status and the risks associated with a particular destination. Rules for traveling to the U.S. vary depending on the country from which you are traveling and the origin of your trip. Make sure to follow any government and airline travel advisories before you leave.

If you are traveling internationally, it’s important to be aware of the possible risks of COVID-19 infection. Before traveling to any new destination, it’s important to be tested for the disease to determine whether it can cause serious health problems. There are specific guidelines to follow for travelers from countries with high transmission rates. For example, if you’re planning to visit a country that has high COVID-19 rates, you should be aware of this risk.

Before traveling to the U.S., you should know what your travel itinerary requires. You will need to register at the airport 72 hours before departure. It’s crucial to have a negative P.C.R. test. You’ll need to have this test performed within five days of arrival. If you’re traveling without these documents, you’ll need to undergo a Covid test at the airport. You will be quarantined for 14 days if you have a positive result. If you’re a child, you don’t need to worry about this – but if you are a non-national, you will need health insurance.

While Thailand doesn’t currently have a state of emergency, it’s still a good idea to consider vaccination before traveling. There are also several precautionary measures that you can take to prevent any possible illnesses before you get to Thailand. The CDC recommends that you wear a mask if you’re planning to do outdoor activities. Additionally, take a photo of your passport. Despite all of these precautions, it’s still a good idea not to travel to the country unprepared.

Vaccination is necessary even if you’re going to Thailand because of the risk of contracting COVID-19. This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes that bite humans. You can protect yourself against the disease by getting vaccinated in advance. You can visit the CDC website to see a full list of vaccines. Having the correct vaccination is essential for your health. There are many places in the world that have this virus and it is difficult to prevent all cases from occurring.

It’s important to know the risks of traveling to Thailand. There are many different countries that have strict laws that prohibit traveling to certain countries. The best place to travel is the one where you feel safe. There are some common safety precautions you can take, but they aren’t mandatory. However, you should be prepared for any situation that may arise. The health of travelers in Thailand should be the top priority. If you’re ill, it’s best to consult a physician to ensure your safety.

Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia are safe for travelers who are fully vaccinated. During the outbreak, these countries were closed to international visitors for a month. But now, Singapore is reopening its borders to international visitors on July 1. There are no more quarantine restrictions for these countries, /xn--72c5ab8bza6azdwe3cf.cc which is great news for travelers who wish to visit Southeast Asia. So, make sure you’re fully protected when traveling to these countries. If you don’t have the required vaccines, don’t worry. Vaccination is essential.

When traveling to Southeast Asia, you need to be fully vaccinated. In some cases, the countries have no vaccination requirements, but it’s best to be fully vaccinated when you visit. In addition, you need to avoid visiting countries that have high levels of covid. In some countries, it’s a good idea to be vaccinated before you travel. A country is also a great place for travelers who are traveling with children.

Traveling to Southeast Asia has become more popular over the last decade, with thousands of adventurous travelers hitting Thailand and the other countries in the region for fantastic travel experiences. In this article, we’ll take a brief look at some of the most common travel issues people typically face when traveling in this part of the world. We’ll also take a quick look at the possibility of visiting Thailand as a safe way to travel to the region.

When traveling outside of the United States, there are a few additional travel advisories you should follow. Thailand is strictly a closed country, so please visit their website for any further information on their travel restrictions, which may change from time to time. You should also be aware that most airlines in Thailand no longer offer direct flights to the United States, due to the stricter measures implemented following the September 11th attacks. In addition to this, Thailand’s largest airline, Jetstar Asia, only runs scheduled flights to Tokyo. If you have already booked your travel on a popular airline that operates out of Bangkok, you may be able to move your flight to another destination within Thailand with some flexible travel arrangements. Be sure to contact your travel agent or airline to confirm this information before leaving for your trip.

Starting November 2021, Thailand began issuing travel advisories for travelers originating from the United Kingdom. Due to ongoing issues with Thai officials taking money and transporting travelers between countries, some areas of Thailand have become particularly dangerous for UK travelers. While the United Kingdom Foreign Office released a travel advisory for all travelers starting November 2021, /xn--72c5ab8bza6azdwe3cf.cc advising travelers to be alert for scams and travel scams, it seems that some people aren’t taking the travel advisory seriously, risking their safety while traveling abroad. The most common problem facing travelers who are departing Thailand for vacations is the risk of paying for airline tickets, getting a passport from a willing foreign national, and missing either the airline ticket or the passport by mistake. This can make traveling to Thailand very problematic for tourists who don’t plan ahead. While traveling by air can be a little bit easier than traveling by sea, there is still a greater risk of having your luggage stolen.

Another issue facing international travel from the United Kingdom is the possibility of catching the flu. Flu season typically begins in late September through early October and ends in early November. Because Thailand is considered a high-risk country for flu outbreaks, most travelers departing from the country should be fully vaccinated before leaving. The World Health Organization recommends that all travelers be vaccinated no matter where they travel. For those traveling from the United Kingdom, the organization has released a FluSense travel guide to help travelers avoid contracting the flu while traveling.

For many tourists, visiting Thailand will mean exploring the country’s natural beauty. Flu season runs from late September through early October, so it is critical that tourists get themselves vaccinated. Those traveling from abroad may have to adhere to special quarantine requirements to comply with these vaccination requirements. Some airlines offer special options for those traveling to Thailand under quarantine conditions.

Those traveling from abroad will find that the climate in Thailand is one of the most welcoming in the world. The climate is hot and humid throughout the year, but the best time to travel the north is from March to May. Travelers heading towards Bangkok should take the summer months into consideration, as temperatures are moderate during this time. From late March to late May, the weather in Thailand is hot and humid, so travelers heading toward this destination should prepare for an extended stay.

The travel industry in Thailand is highly regulated to ensure the protection of the travelers and the Thai authorities at all times. Every aspect of travel from the boarding to the ground is monitored by various government agencies, including airport security. When traveling to Thailand, it is essential that travelers ensure they have received their fully vaccinated against any diseases. This will ensure safe travel and a hassle-free trip no matter where one is traveling in Thailand.

When traveling to other countries in Asia or traveling within Asia, it is important to have yourself fully vaccinated before departure. You can contact your travel agent for details on where to receive your vaccination at the time of booking. For those traveling to Thailand from other countries, one can also contact the Thai National Health Office for details on where to receive your completely vaccinated. For those already traveling to this part of the world, it is advisable to contact the office and receive your completely vaccinated before traveling to Thailand.